The blooming of forsythia and daffodils is an annual reminder that the crop season is quickly approaching.
This time of year, many producers begin fertilizing grass hay and pastures while preparing crop fields for planting. Hopefully, soil samples have already been collected and submitted for analysis so you can make informed decisions and get the most value from your fertilizer dollars.
Recent supply and demand issues have arose in the fertilizer industry, pushing prices upward as we head into the growing season. Given the low market prices for grain, it will be important to manage all costs (including fertilizer) in 2026 very closely.
UK fertilizer recommendations are developed through field research that compares crop yield responses with soil test levels. These recommendations are designed to ensure each soil or field can supply adequate levels of available plant nutrients, regardless of seasonal weather conditions, when good management practices are followed.
Yield responses to phosphate and potash fertilizer applications are most likely when soil test levels fall within the “very low,” “low,” or “low-medium” categories. When soil test values are “medium” or higher, the recommended phosphate or potash rates are generally intended to maintain adequate soil phosphorus and potassium levels rather than increase them.
Producers have several options for utilizing these research-based recommendations. Those who submit soil samples through the Adair County Cooperative Extension Service will automatically receive fertilizer recommendations based on University of Kentucky research. If soil testing has been conducted through another laboratory, producers can simply provide a copy of those results to the Adair County Cooperative Extension Service, and we will be happy to calculate the University of Kentucky recommendations for you.
A third option is to access these research-based recommendations online through University of Kentucky publication AGR-1. This publication includes fertilizer recommendations for crops commonly grown in Kentucky and was updated in 2025 to reflect the most recent yield data and research findings. Regardless of which option you choose, these services are available at no cost and can help ensure fertilizer dollars are spent efficiently while avoiding unnecessary applications.
In addition to N,P, and K recommendations, a soil test will measure current soil pH and provide lime application recommendations. It’s important to note that lime quality can vary. Historically, local lime sources tested around 65% relative neutralizing value. Most recent tests revealed a relative neutralizing value of 43.7 to 45.9%. As a result, farmers will need to apply additional lime to have the same impact on the soil pH. The relative neutralizing value of lime is determined by the calcium and magnesium content of lime as well as the fineness.
For more information on soil testing and reducing fertilizer costs, contact the Adair County Cooperative Extension Service at 270-384-2317.
